Ten Medieval Games

Knucklebone
This is a game of ancient origins. Played with five small pieces. These were the bones of a sheep. The winner is the player who successfully complete a prescribed series of throws. The simplest throw is tossing up one rock, which is the jack, then picking up more until all five pieces are picked up.

Marbles
Marbles was a popular game played by children. Primarily produced of clay. The marbles were to be shot through arches.

Bobbing Apples
Apples were placed in barrels filled with water, and players had to pick them up with their teeth

Chess
Chess has been popular throughout history. The rules are the same from modern day chess.

Dice
These games were for gambling, Dice was popular for individuals. Players were to roll the dice and bet how much money they wanted.

Spinning Tops
The tops were made of wood, and the goal was just to spin the top for the longest amount of time.

Card Games
Ever since paper arrived from China, card games were made. There were many games played, all can be played with two players and up.

Ring Toss
This game can be played by all ages. This is played with rings aimed at two stakes. The goal was to get as much rings on the stakes.

Skittles
This is the predecessor of modern bowling. Players attempt to roll a bowl to knock all the bottles or points to score points. The player with the most points win.

Hoops
Hoops was usually played by children. Children would roll the hoop as part of a race.


Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knucklebones
http://www.britannica.com/topic/hazard-dice-game
http://www.thefinertimes.com/Middle-Ages/games-in-the-middle-ages.html

Medieval Games Rules

Jousting

Set 1: Both contestants must be on horseback

          Both contestants must be wearing armor

          Must have a jousting lance

          Horses must also have armor
          Both must charge at each other

Set 2: Once signaled the two players will ride to the other end of the fence

           The goal is to knock off the other rider off their mount with their lance

           The other must stay on the mount in order to win

Set 3: The knights must run four courses, and no more

          Whoever breaks two lances, shall be the winner

          A tie shall be declared if both had two lances broken and had fallen off

          If both had fallen, but the other fell with the horse, he'll be the winner

          Only counts if the lance breaks after striking

          If they barely hit each other, it means they jousted poorly and a tie

          If ones lance is drop, its not allowed to hit a man without his lance

Dueling

Set 1: Whoever delivers a blow is awarded 1 point
          An extra point is awarded if the opponent falls down
          Another extra point is awarded if the opponent loses their weapon

          A round is won when a player has the highest points in 60 seconds
          Victory is chosen when a player wins 2 out of 3 games

Set 2: Each player fights in 3 separate events
          Fought till the point of surrender
          All battles must be fought on foot

Set 3: The challenged man has the option for a first blow
          The player would either dodge or block with a shield
           The fight would be a fight to the death, the winner will be the one alive

Melee

Set 1: Teams of horseback charge at each other
          The knights are permitted with whatever they want, sponsors can change that though
          To win, the opponent must knock the opponent off the horse
          To win, the whole team must out best the other

Set 2: Teams would be on foot
         The knights are armed with a weapon of their choice
         To win, the whole team must out best the other

Set 3: All weapons must be blunted and armor must be worn
         Once knocked down, the enemy can't attack no more
         To win, the player must out best the other

Sources:

https://sites.google.com/site/nationaljoustingassociation/screen-shots
http://www.medievalists.net/2015/01/07/medieval-rules-jousting/
http://turm.ee/koda/reeglid/EAML_duell_1vs1_eng.pdf
http://wiki.battlemaster.org/wiki/Medieval_Duels
http://www.ancientfortresses.org/medieval-tournaments.htm
https://peachyk.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/medieval-tournaments/

Fiefdom Vocab Week 3

Roman Catholic Church - The branch of Christianity headed by a pope. It is governed by a hierarchy with a pope at the top

Pope - The bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church

Cardinal - A leading dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church, nominated by a pope

Archbishop - The chief bishop responsible for an archdiocese

Bishop - A senior member of the Christian clergy

Priest - An ordained minister of the Catholic

Monk - A member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty

Nun - A member of a religious community of women typically living under vows of poverty

Clergy - The body of all people ordained for religious duties

Cathedral - The principal church of a diocese, with which the bishop is officially associated

Church - A building used for public Christian worship

Monastery - A building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows

Mendicant - Given to begging

Friar - A member of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four mendicant orders

Abbey - The building or buildings occupied by a community of monks or nuns

Abbot - A man who is the head of an abbey of monks

Abbess - A woman who is the head of an abbey of nuns

Nunnery - A building of group of  buildings in which nuns live as a religious community

Sacraments - A religious ceremony or act of the christian church that is regarded as an outward visible sign

Baptism - The religious rite of sprinkling water onto a person's forehead or of immersion in water

Eucharist - The Christian ceremony commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed

Confirmation - The action of confirming something

Matrimony - The ceremony of being married

Holy Orders - The sacrament or rite of ordination as a member of the Christina clergy

Penance - Voluntary self-punishment inflicted as an outward expression of repentance for wrong doings

Extreme Unction - A former name for the sacrament of anointing of the sick, especially when administered to the dying

New Testament - The second part of the Christian bible

Medieval Abbey Plans

Medieval Church Interior

Sources
          Vocab: http://www.google.com
          Photos: Church: https://www.colourbox.com/image/a-magnificent-interior-of-church-in-a-medieval-small-town-image-1519753
                        Abbey: http://www.historyfish.net/abbeys/abbeyparts/abbeyparts.html

How Much Farmland Is Needed To Support One Person

one acre is enough to support one person, or 4046.87 meters of farmland. 8 million meters are enough to support 2000 people, which is also 2000 acres. Finally 16 million meters of land for farm animals.

Sources: http://www.farmlandlp.com/2012/01/one-acre-feeds-a-person/

Fiefdom Day 5 Notes

Medieval Shops

Blacksmith shop

This is the interior of a medieval blacksmith shop and I found it at https://www.pinterest.com/heathermoconnor/blacksmith-shops/

These are the tools of a blacksmith and I found it at http://www.mcatmaster.com/guilds/Blacksmiths.htm

Tannery

This is the interior of a medieval tannery and I found it here at http://mittelzeit.blogspot.com/2014/06/leather-tanning-medieval-to-edwardian.html/

These are the tools in a tannery shop and I found this at http://www.freeimages.com/search/tannery

Cooperage

This is the interior of a cooperage and I found this at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper_(profession)

These are the tools in a cooperage and I found this at https://www.pinterest.com/pin/316026098826716065/

Tailor shop

This is the interior of a medieval tailor shop and can be found at http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/Quiringh-Gerritsz.-Van-Brekelenkam/Interior-Of-A-Tailor's-Shop-1653.html

These are the tools of a medieval tailor shop and I found this at https://www.pinterest.com/pimade/the-barber-in-me/

Glover shop

This is a glover shop and I found this at http://shissem.com/Hissem_Heyshams_of_Yorkshire.html

These are the tools of a glover shop and I found this at https://www.pinterest.com/verseka/%C4%AFrankiai-rakandai/

Carpenter shop

This is the interior of a carpenter shop and I found this at https://dblaney.wordpress.com/2014/05/page/2/

These are the tools of a carpenter shop and I found this at http://freepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wakefield/history/27238-h/27238-h.htm

Fuller shop

This thew interior of a fuller shop and can be found at https://www.pinterest.com/pin/229894755953786919/

These are fuller shop tools and I found this at https://www.pinterest.com/carlbrill/tools/

Bakery

This is the interior of a bakery and I found this at https://www.pinterest.com/pin/152278031123021785/

These are the tools for a medieval bakery and I found this at http://www.katjaorlova.com/MedievalKitchenEquipment.htm

Butcher shop

This is the interior of a medieval butcher shop and I got this from http://www.historicalcookingproject.com/2015/08/the-butcher.html

These are the tools of a butcher and I found it here at https://www.pinterest.com/khbothwell/the-butcher/

Mill

This is the interior of a mill and I found this at http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Watermill

This is the tools in a mill and can be found at http://www.andrewwillner.com/tag/slow-money/

Brewery

This is the interior of a brewery and I found this at http://www.praguetoursdirect.com/tours-prague/medieval-brewery-tour-prague.htm

This is the tools of a brewery and I found this at http://www.schlenkerla.de/biergeschichte/brauerstern/html/brauerdarstellungene.html

Cobbler shop

This is a cobbler shop and I found this at http://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-clothing/medieval-shoes/

These are the tools of a cobbler and I found this at https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/522699100472697334/

Barber shop

This is the interior of a barber shop and I found this at http://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/M815818/Inside-a-Medieval-Barbers-Shop

These are the tools of a barber and I found this at https://www.pinterest.com/joyfullife2/barber-shop/

Wheelwright shop

This is the interior of a wheelwright shop and I found this at https://www.pinterest.com/pin/397794579565174627/

These are the tools of a wheelwright shop and I found it here http://www.ridgers-family.com/wheelwrights%202.htm

Tinker shop

This is the interior of a tinker shop and I found this at http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/Rosine-Parran/Interior-Of-The-Forge,-1837.html

These are the tools in a tinker shop and I found this at https://suzettevalentine.wordpress.com/tag/diy/

Potter shop

This is the interior of a potter shop and I found this at http://www.glynnislessing.com/blog/?cat=5

These are the tools in a potter shop and I found this at https://www.pinterest.com/bertjager/medieval/

Fiefdom Day 4 Notes

Day 4 Notes

Town - An urban area with a name, has boundaries, and a social government, larger than a village, smaller than a city

Charter - A written grant by a country's sovereign power,

Guild - A medieval association of merchants or craftsmen, often having considerable power

Guild Hall - Either a town hall or a building used by guilds for meetings

Journeyman - A trained worker who is employed by someone else

Apprentice - A person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer

Merchant - A person involved in a wholesale trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries

Barter - Exchanges for goods without money

Carpenter - A person who makes or repairs wooden structures

Cobbler - A person who mends shoes as a job

Glover - A person who makes gloves

Blacksmith - A person who makes or repairs things in iron by hand

Tinker - A person who travels mending metal utensils

Potter - A person who makes pots, bowls, plates, and etc

Cooper - A maker or repairer of casks and barrels

Wheel right - A person who makes or mends wheels for trade

Tanner - A person who tans animal hide to make a living

Weaver - A person who weaves fabric

Baker - A person who bakes food

Butcher - A person who cuts up and sell meat in a shop

Inn - An establishment that provides food, drinks, and accommodations for travelers

Tavern - An establishment for the sale of beer and other drinks

Barber - A person who cuts hear of beards

Fuller - A person who fulls cloth

Miller - A person who owns or work in a grain mill

Brewer - To make beer by steeping, boiling, and fermenting

Stable - A building set apart and adapted for keeping horses

Craft Guild - An association of workers of the same trade for mutual benefits

Merchant Guild - An association of merchants and artisans who control the practice of their craft in a particular town

Wattle and Daub - A material formerly and traditionally used in building walls, consisting of sticks and mud

Sources
http://www.google.com/
http://wwwdictionary.com/

Fiefdom Day 2 and 3 Notes

David Macualay's Castle

1. Who were the people dependent upon?
    The people were dependent on the lords of the manor.

2. Where did they choose to build? And why?
    They chose to build on a rock extending into the water for protection.

3. What was the first ring of the castle called?
    The first ring was called the defensive ring.

4. How long will the walls be on the outer curtain?
    The walls will be 300 feet long each.

5. How thick was the inner curtain? How high?
    The inner curtain was 12 feet thick and 35 feet tall.

6. Sketch of castle(below page)

7. What the center of the inner ward?
    In the center of the inner ward is the living quarter.

8. How many entrances in the town wall? How are they protected?
   There were three entrances in the town hall protected by double tower gate houses.

9. Why did people move to towns?
    People moved into towns to have a fresh start and live a better life.

10. What are the walls filled with?
      The walls are filled with rubbles.

11. How are the windows designed, starting from the bottom to the top of the towers?
     The bottoms are small enough so the enemies can't come through, and the top is decorated and fitted with glass.

12. What are the crenulations used for?
      The crenulations were used for a deadly defense with archers. They fire arrows through the crenulation without being in enemy fire.

13. Why are the gate houses not lined up from the inner to the outer ward?
      The gate houses were not lined up from the inner to the outer ward to give a breaching attacker a harder time to get into the inner ward.

14. How are the tower levels divided?
      They were divided into three levels, the bottom is the storage, the middle is the defense, and the top is the working place.

15. What defenses are in a gate house?
      A door would block the entrance, and a set of doors would block breaching enemy attackers. Trapped enemies would face the defending archers.

16.  What are the buildings made from?
       They were made of wood and straws.

17. What lived on the bottom floor of the barracks? The top?
      Horses and livestock lived on the bottom floor, and the soldier lives on the top.

18. What is a garderobe?
      A garderobe is a toilet.

19. Why were nicer rooms higher in the towers?
      The rooms were nicer because the lords would stay there.

20. How thick were the walls?
      They were 8 to 10 feet thick

21. What was used to heat the rooms?
      Fireplaces were used to heat the rooms.

22. How many rooms were in the tower?
      There are 3 to 4 rooms in the tower.

23. What was the most important room in a castle?
      The most important room was the great hall.

24. How did peasants live?
      The peasants lived in meager wooden shacks, often ending their days tired and hungry.

25. What was the main material that was used to build the medieval homes?
      Wood was the main material used to build homes.

26. What is wattle? What is daub?
      Wattle is a woven patch of sticks covered in daub and daub s a mixture of mud, cow dung, and straws.

27. Why did people settle in towns?
      Strong defense, low taxes, and a better life was the main reason people settled in towns.

28. The best location is near a well.

29. What were the floors made from?
      They were made from packed earth covered in reeds.

30. What were the windows covered with?
      They were covered with oiled sheep skin.

31. What was the main source of heat and light?
      The main source of heat and light was fire.

32. Why would no one want to be live behind the butcher shop?
      They didn't want to live behind the butcher because there were fierce dogs.

33. What does a barber do?
      The barber cures illnesses.

34. Are there sewers?
      There were no sewers.

35. Are there toilets?
      Yes, there were toilets.

36. Where does the waste go?
      All the waste goes into a cesspit.

Castle sketch

Fiefdom Day 1 Notes

Vocabulary

Fiefdom - The estate of domain of a feudal lord

Feudalism - The dominant social system in medieval Europe

Monarch - A sovereign head of state, such as king or queen

Lord - A title given by a monarch to rule over a part of land

Vassal - A knight appointed by a lord or king to protect a fief

Knight - A man who served his sovereign lord as a soldier in armor

Peasant - A serf who owns or rents a small piece of land for farming

Commoner - A person with no rank or social class

Serf - Agricultural laborer who works under the lord's commands

Tradesman - A person engaged in trading

Merchant - Person who engaged with trades in foreign countries

Castle - A building or group of buildings fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers, and in many cases a moat

Moat - A deep wide ditch filled with water usually used to protect a town, fort, or castle from invaders

Guild - An association of merchants and craftsmen with considerable power

Abbey - A building occupied by monks or nuns

High Middle Ages - The period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries

100 Year's War - A series of conflicts that waged from 1337 to 1453

Black Death - An epidemic outbreak of bubonic plaque

Source
http://www.google.com/

Introduction

      In our fiefdom project, we'll have to research and create a model of a fiefdom. The fiefdom will have to be perfectly accurate in size and looks. The surroundings will have to be accurate in where the actual castles were built. We have a choice of building this in a game called "Minecraft", sadly we still haven't been able to get the game, so we might have to do this as a small sized model of the fiefdom. This would be a fun and educational project, we will learn about the fiefdom and it'll be fun building it.

Medieval Meal

There are many different varieties of medieval dishes. Popular medieval meals consists of eggs, soup, meat or fish, and bread. Bread was a popular side dish at the time. Many of these dishes can be topped with spices of many kind. A whole meal was mainly three courses, soup, eggs, and meat or fish.

Course One: Pottage Soup (vegetables)

Selected Vegetables
1 cabbage
2 carrots
1 stick of celery
1 turnips

one or two cloves garlic

Pottage soup was popular in medieval Europe. People ate alot of pottage soup at the time. The sup contains many herbs and vegetables. Most people wouldn't be able to afford any meat, so they made dishes with vegetables. This was cooked by bringing the soup to the boil.

Preparation for Pottage soup

Finished Dish

I enjoyed the soup very much served hot. The vegetable taste was just overwhelming in a good way. The textures of the vegetables weren't too hard, they were soft, especially the carrots, and it made the eating and chewing experience better.Overall, the dish was a good soup to enjoy with the whole meal.

Course Two: Rique Manger (eggs and apples)

1 apple 
2 to 3 eggs 
1 Tbsp. butter 
1/4 tsp. powder fine
pinch saffron, ground 

This dish was eaten around the 14th century as course two of a meal. Course two would contain eggs, so this was a perfect dish. The eggs would've been fried and the apples would've been parboiled. Together they make this dish.

Preparation for Rique Manger

Finished Dish

The whole dish wasn't bad, i enjoyed it all when i ate it. The apple was still juicy, also it was tender, which made it more appetizing. Adding the spice made it a whole not more taste. The eggs itself was still hot and the texture made it good. The spice and the egg made the whole dish taste the way it should. Overall, it was a delicious dish and I enjoyed it.

Course Three: F Salmon

1 to 2 Fried Salmons
Ingredients for sauce(optional)
vinegar
breadcrumbs
white wine
cinnamon
pepper
onion

Fish was not as popular as meat, but it was still eaten regularly. The most common fish were trouts and salmons. They were amongst the most popular meals for banquets. Often times they are prepared by smoking, frying, or boiling the fish. Fish have very bland flavor, so they were eaten with varieties of sauce, it was not needed though.

Preparation for fried salmon

Finished Dish

The salmon wouldn't have much taste without the sauce that the medieval people used. The salmon was tender, with the sauce, it made it all much better as a dish. The outer part of the salmon was crispy, the texture of the fish whole was good also. I enjoyed this dish and the whole meal since it was all tasty and well made.

Sources
http://www.medieval-recipes.com/recipes/fish/
http://medievalcookery.com/recipes/riquemanger.html
http://cookit.e2bn.org/historycookbook/899-pottage-a-vegetable-soup.html

Compare and Contrast US Constitution and Magna Carta

US Constitution

• The constitution was signed in the year 1787
• The constitution didn't involve any specific relgions
• The constitution was created by democracy
• More rights towards the citizens
• The constitution's laws are based on citizenship
• The constitution is for the United States being the supreme law of the U.S.

Magna Carta

• The Magna Carta was signed in 1215
• The Magna Carta included Christianity
• It was created by monarchy
• The Magna Carta was mainly around the British Empire
• The Magna Carta laws were mainly on the social classes

Similarities

• They both involved mainly on laws and rights
• Both involved fees and money
• Both limit the powers of the monarch and the president

Events That Led To The Signing Of The US Constitution

Events leading to the signing of the US Constitution

• The Mayflower back in Nov 11th, 1620 was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the pilgrims that crossed the Atlantic
• The English bill of rights was passed by the Parliaments on Dec 16, 1689, the bill of rights inspired the Constitution
• After the Revolutionary war on Jan 1st, 1780 the states had trouble paying off the war debt and a difficult time collecting overdue taxes
• The US had trouble trading with Britain after the Treaty of Paris, so they closed most of the ports on Mar 16th, 1783
• On  Aug 29th, 1786 Daniel Shays and a Revolutionary War Veteran led hundreds of men in a shutdown of the supreme court, and a protest against high taxes
• Finally, the US Constitution was finally signed on September 17, 1787 by 41 delegates, it was also inspired by the Magna Carta

US Constitution Words

Words


Legislative - having the power to make laws

Enumeration - a complete ordered list of all the items in a collection

Impeachment - the formal process in which an official is accused of an unlawful activity

Amendments - amendment is a minor change in a document

Tribunals - tribunal is the court of justice

Imminent - imminent means it's about to happen

Compensation - something that is awarded to someone from injury, suffering, or a recompense for loss

Emolument - emolument is a salary, fee, or profit from employment or office

Misdemeanors - misdemeanor is a minor wrongdoing

Jurisdiction - jurisdiction is the official power to make legal decisions and judgements

Magna Carta Vocab Words

Words

Justiciary - judicial authorities of a country

Hitherto - until now or until the point in time under discussion

Halberget - a type of cloth described in the Magna Carta

Darrein - an action brought to inquire who was the last patron to present a benefice to a church then vacant

Liege - concerned with the relationships between a feudal lord and vassals

Stewards - an official that supervise arrangements or keep order at a large public event

Rectifying - making something right

Disseisin - An action to recover land dispossessed by the plaintiff in English law

Bailiff - Someone who performs certain actions under legal authority

Disparagement - Speaking in a negative way about someone

Ratification - the official way to confirm something

Events That Led To The Signing Of The Magna Carta

Events That Led To The Signing Of The Magna Carta

• The year 1199 King John is crowned king after the death of Richard I. Through out King John's reign, he suffered many defeat in a war to defend Britain's lands. King John also lost income from the French land for the British king
• In March 24, 1208 Pope III places a papal interdict, banning priest from administering the sacraments
• The year 1214 Pope Innocent III becomes ruler of England after the years that King John struggled to hold power against Pope Innocent III
• Around 1215, the barons resisted to pay, and soon the barons outnumbered ones that were loyal to John. The barons all united, marched and took over the tower of London on May 17, 1215.
• After John was weakened, on June 10, 1215, he agreed to negotiate and create agreements for peace with the barons.
• In 1215 the Magna Carta was signed and sealed, and it was an agreement between the kings and barons to help solve a political problem.

Sources:

http://law.jrank.org/pages/12301/Magna-Carta-Events-leading-Magna-Carta.html

http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/timeline-of-magna-carta#

Coats Of Arms Day 3 Notes

Day 3
Teachers Symbols:
Lowy: Grape - happiness bliss, and peace
Young: Key - knowledge, guardianship, and dominion
Fuller: Bee - creativity, diligence, and eloquence
Beckham: Elephant - bravery, strength, and ambition
Emert: Naked Arm - someone who believes in hardwork
Mahon: Azalea - temperance and passionate

Teachers Color:
Lowy: Yellow - happiness and creativity
Young: Brown - serious and protective
Fuller: Yellow - creativity and happiness
Beckham: Brown - serious and protective
Emert: Brown - serious and protective
Mahon: Gray - solid and stable


My Own Coats Of Arm
Symbols: Key and Horse
Color: Yellow and Red

Coats Of Arms

Coats Of Arms

Coats of arms are a unique design on shields, armor, and surcoats. The picture represents who they are and their traits.

Day 1 Notes
Teachers:
Traits: Beckham Tough, Serious, and Strict
           Young Joyful, Protective, and Helpful
           Lowy Creative, Kind, and Helpful

Birth Order: Beckham 2nd born
                     Young 2nd born
                     Lowy 1st born

Colors

Red: Passionate, Strong Willed, and Hatred
Orange: Warmth, Happiness
Yellow: Happiness, Creativity, Weakness or Cowardly
Green: Balance and Jealousy
Blue: Trust, Loyalty, and Unstable
Indigo: Integrity Kindness, and Judgmental
Purple: Imagination, and Arrogant
Pink: Love and Nurturing, Silly, Immature
Brown: Serious, Protection
Gray: Solid, Stable, Boring, and Drab
Black: Secretcy
White: Perfection, Wholeness

Day 2
Teachers:
Traits: Fuller Creative, Serious, and Imaginative
           Mahon Strict, Passionate, and Solid
           Emert Funny, Serious, and Inteligent

Birth Order: Fuller 2nd born
                    Mahon Only child
                    Emert 1st born

Shield Divisions and Meaning




Protection





Protection and Defense

Rule and Authority

Faith and Protection






Military Strips or Belt of Valor

Military Strength or Bravery

Military Strength or Fortitude

Honor

Protection

Earth and Country

Sea or Water

Clouds and Air

Fire, or the Walls of a Fortress or City

Sun Rays, Fame and Glory


Sources: http://www.familytreesandcrests.com/heraldry-symbols.html http://www.dallastown.net/cms/lib6/PA01000011/Centricity/Domain/219/Meaning%20of%20Colors%20and%20Symbols.pdf